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James F. Bowman (January 21, 1826 – April 29, 1882) was a journalist and poet in Northern California, and a co-founder of the Bohemian Club. Bowman served on several newspapers in Placerville, Sacramento and San Francisco during a 24-year career. Through his contacts among San Francisco journalists, Bowman befriended Mark Twain, artist William Keith, critic Ambrose Bierce (who included an anecdote about Bowman in his own ''The Devil's Dictionary'') and a great many others.〔Mark Twain Project. (Letter from SLC to Charles Warren Stoddard, 23 April 1867, New York, N.Y. ) Retrieved on July 24, 2009.〕 Bowman occasionally appeared in public to read his own poetry, and was mentioned in the ''Daily Morning Call'' for giving a recitation at a 4 July celebration in San Francisco, 1864.〔Twainquote.com. The San Francisco Daily Morning Call, July 6, 1864. (Fourth of July. ) Retrieved on July 24, 2009.〕 Bowman connected in 1871 with George Frederick Parsons in Sacramento at the ''Record'', was encourage to write more poetry, and to publish. Bowman was subsequently subject to attempted plagiarism of his work by "literary purloiners".〔Mighels, Ella Sterling, (1893). (''The Story of the Files: A Review of California Writers and Literature'' ), Cooperative printing co., pp. 58, 97, 427.〕 In 1864, Bowman picked up a regular assignment as co-editor with Bret Harte of ''The Californian'' newspaper. In 1865, the daily ''Dramatic Chronicle'' began publication in San Francisco as a theatre and literary review, under the direction of teenager brothers Charles and Michael de Young. Charles de Young began buying witty articles from writers such as drinking buddies Twain and Bowman, including a piece written anonymously by Bowman which savaged both the grandiose style of a poetry review in ''The Californian'' and the poetry itself, a book by Twain and Bowman's mutual friend Charles Warren Stoddard.〔 The targeted review was one written by Bowman himself.〔Austen, Roger; John W. Crowley. (''Genteel Pagan'' ), Univ of Massachusetts Press, 1995, p. 54. ISBN 0-87023-980-5〕 In 1868, ''The Californian'' closed, but by then Bowman was editing both the ''Dramatic Chronicle'' and the Oakland ''News''.〔Mark Twain Project. (Editorial narrative following 18 March 1868 to Mary Mason Fairbanks. ) Retrieved on July 24, 2009.〕 In August 1868, the name ''Dramatic Chronicle'' was shortened to ''Chronicle'', and the newspaper given wider latitude in subject matter.〔 The ''Overland Monthly'' began publication in 1868, and Bowman submitted poetry. In 1872, he helped form the Bohemian Club. He served as the club's secretary 1876–1878.〔Bierce, Ambrose; Grenander, M. E. (''Poems of Ambrose Bierce'' ), U of Nebraska Press, 1995, pp. xxxi–xxxii. ISBN 0-8032-6133-0〕 Bowman died in 1882, and Ambrose Bierce wrote a moving elegy which was published in the ''San Francisco Wasp'' on May 5:〔 ==Margaret Bowman== James Bowman was married to Margaret B. Bowman who "conducted a seminary for young ladies",〔University of California, Riverside. Center for Bibliographic Studies and Research. (Daily Alta California, July 14, 1886. ) Retrieved on July 24, 2009. The second and third honorary female members were writer Sara Jane Lippincott (pseudonym Grace Greenwood) and Elizabeth Crocker Bowers, actress wife of actor David P. Bowers.〕 assisted by her husband who gave lectures in rhetoric and literature. Both husband and wife were very active in forming the men-only Bohemian Club in 1872, along with other journalists and artists such as Bierce, Daniel "Dan" O'Connell, Frederick Whymper and Benoni Irwin,〔Bohemian Club, 1922〕 and Margaret Bowman was elected by acclamation to honorary member status at the first formal Bohemian meeting, held in the Bowman home.〔 Margaret Bowman died on July 10, 1886, a year after an apoplectic stroke, and her funeral and burial was conducted under the auspices of the Bohemian Club. Four Bohemians served as pallbearers.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James F. Bowman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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